M. Koozehgar Kaleji; M.R. Ardakani
Abstract
Eryngium caeruleum M. Bieb. is one of the most important species of Eryngium family in northern Iran, used as a field vegetable. To evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on the yield components and the essential oil percentage of Eryngium caeruleum, a factorial experiment ...
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Eryngium caeruleum M. Bieb. is one of the most important species of Eryngium family in northern Iran, used as a field vegetable. To evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal symbiosis on the yield components and the essential oil percentage of Eryngium caeruleum, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications in Sari, in 2014. The experimental treatments included mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) at two levels of (0 and 200 spores in a pot), vermicompost at two levels of (0 and 200 g in a pot) and compost tea (vermiwash) at two levels of (0 and 1.5 liters in the specified pots). The traits measured were plant height, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, plant dry weight, and essential oil content. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the quantity and quality of Eryngium caeruleum traits. The treatments of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizers had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to those of control group. Accordingly, the highest plant height, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield, and flower number were obtained from the simultaneous use of both mycorrhizal, compost tea, and vermicomposting treatment. The dual interaction effects showed that the highest plant dry weight was 23.1g from the application of vermicompost in the absence of compost tea treatment. Our results clearly showed that the simultaneous use of vermicomposting, compost tea, and mycorrhiza through the availability of nutrients increased the yield and improved the quantity and quality of Eryngium caeruleum components.
M. Khajeh Haghverdi; M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; P. Nejatkhah Manavi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Mahdasht, Iran, in 2016. The factors were characterized as vermicompost in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) as the main factor, biochar in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) and mycorrhiza in two levels (non inoculation and inoculation) as the sub factors. Results showed that the main effect of factors on the mycorrhizal symbiosis percentage and grain phosphorus content was significant (P˂0.01). Analysis of variance between the interaction effects of vermicompost × biochar were significant on the LAI, dry fruit yield, grain yield and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (P˂0.01) as well as on the number of lateral stem (P˂0.05). Mean comparison of the interaction effect of vermicompost × biochar showed that the application of 12 (ton/ha) vermicompost along with 12 (ton/ha) biochar resulted in the highest amount of LAI (12.28), number of lateral stem (13.33 number/ plant), dry fruit yield (619.51 kg/ha), grain yield (410.02 kg/ha) and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (66.17%). Therefore, the use of vermicompost along with biochar is recommended in production of pumpkin.
B. Abbaszadeh; M.H. Assareh; M.R Ardakani; F. Paknejad; M. Layegh Haghighi; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the cause and effect of morphological, physiological characters and some elements of camphorosma monspeliaca L. in natural habitat. Plant samples were collected by using 9 sampling plots at full flowering stage. Morphological traits including plant height, number ...
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This research was conducted to study the cause and effect of morphological, physiological characters and some elements of camphorosma monspeliaca L. in natural habitat. Plant samples were collected by using 9 sampling plots at full flowering stage. Morphological traits including plant height, number of tillers, big and small diameter of the canopy cover, dry weight of plant shoots and dry weight of flowering shoots were measured. Soluble sugar content, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron were also measured by using different methods. Correlation, factor analysis, stepwise and path analysis were used for identifying effective traits on shoot yield and essential oil percentage. The results showed that there was significant positive correlation between total shoot yield with number of tiller (r = 0.96**), canopy diameter 1 (r = 0.84*), canopy diameter 2 (r = 0.86**), flowering shoot yield (r = 0.79*), total chlorophyll 1 (r = 0.77*), chlorophyll b (r = 0.67*) and iron (r = 0.84*). There was significant negative correlation between total shoot yield with soluble sugars (r = -0.80**), proline (r = -0.88**), calcium (r = -0.70*) and chlorine r = -0.94**). Significant positive correlation was observed between flowering shoot yield with number of tillers, canopy diameters1 and 2, essential oil percentage, total chlorophyll 1 and iron. Essential oil percentage showed significant positive correlation with number of tiller (r = 0.79*), canopy diameters 1 (r = 0.79*), canopy diameters 2 (r = 0.83**), total shoot yield (r = 0.76*) and shoot flowering yield (r = 0.84**) shoot yield and iron (r = 0.86**). The results of factor analysis showed that first component with number of tillers, big and small canopy diameters, total shoot yield, flowering shoot yield, essential oil percentage and iron could justify more than 55% of total variance. The result of stepwise analysis on dependent variable (essential oil percentage) showed that iron and total shoot yield with a determination coefficient of 0.8048 were entered to the regression model. The result of path analysis showed that iron had the highest direct positive effect on essential oil percentage. According to the results of stepwise analysis, number of tillers and plant height were entered to the regression model. The result of path analysis showed that number of tiller had the highest direct positive effect on total shoot yield.
M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; M.H. Assare; F. Paknezhad; A. Kashani; M. Layegh Haghighi
Abstract
One of the methods of natural resource management is utilization of inefficient lands and use of resistant plant species in hard conditions. In this study, sampling from natural habitat in Arak (Markazi province) was conducted in 2009 at 3 growth stages including growth, full flowering and maturity using ...
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One of the methods of natural resource management is utilization of inefficient lands and use of resistant plant species in hard conditions. In this study, sampling from natural habitat in Arak (Markazi province) was conducted in 2009 at 3 growth stages including growth, full flowering and maturity using plots with replication. In full flowering stage, plant height, number of tillers, big and small diameter, root length, root weight, chlorophyll, plant dry weight, soluble sugar content, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron were measured. Mean comparison of morphological characters showed that the largest values of plant height, number of tillers, canopy cover, total shoot and flowering shoot were recorded for the region (locality 3) with less salinity (EC= 7.6 dS/m). The largest values of root length, root weight and essential oil percentage at growthing, full flowering and maturity stages were also recorded for locality 1 with high salinity (EC= 11.7dS/m). Locality 1 showed the highest content of soluble sugar, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and chlorine. Locality 3 had the highest total content of chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b while the highest iron content was related to locality 2. Results of correlation showed that there was negative significant relationship between plants height with essential oil percentage in full flowering stage. Significant correlation was also observed between soluble sugar and proline, magnesium, calcium and chlorine. There was significant negative correlation between soluble sugar and total chlorophyll 2. According to the results, Camphorosma monspilica L. is one of the salt tolerant plant species probably with medicinal and forage values.
M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; F. Packnejad
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 251-261
Abstract
In order to study drought stress effect on quantitative and qualitative features of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a research was conducted under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), ...
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In order to study drought stress effect on quantitative and qualitative features of balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a research was conducted under field condition in Karaj, Iran in 2005. Experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 replications. Treatment included T1 (non stress), T2 (80%FC), T3 (60%FC), T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC). Effect of drought stress on shoot yield, essential oil yield, percentage of essential oil, leaf and stem yield, height, tiller number, length and width of leaf, stem diameter and internodes was significant (α=0.001). Effect of drought stress on number of lateral stem was not significant. Comparison of treatment means showed that highest shoot yield was related to T1 (non Stress) (6469kg/ha), highest essential oil (12.970 kg/ha) and highest essential oil percentage (0.3012%) was related to T4 (40%FC) and T5 (20%FC), respectively. Highest height (65.32 cm), leaf length (6.27 cm) and width (4.58 cm) were related to T1 (non stress). Highest stem diameter was related to T5 (20%FC). It could be concluded that moderate drought stress is beneficial for balm essential oil.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.R. Ardakani; M.H. Lebaschi; F. Safikhani; M. Naderi Hadjibagher Kandi; F. Sefidkon
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 223-230
Abstract
In order to investigation of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on essential oil content and composition of Balm, the experiment was conducted during 7 months in field condition at Alborze Research complex in 2004. This experiment was carried out at two levels of suspension nitrogen (4.5% and ...
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In order to investigation of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on essential oil content and composition of Balm, the experiment was conducted during 7 months in field condition at Alborze Research complex in 2004. This experiment was carried out at two levels of suspension nitrogen (4.5% and 6%) spraying on shoot and two levels of solid nitrogen (60 and 90 kg N/ha) application in soil with control. Treatment was implicated to three equal divisions. This experiment was carried out in complete randomized block design with 4 replications. In floral imitation, plants harvested and essential oil were extracted by water distillation. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed a significant difference (1%) among nitrogen rates application on essential oil yield. Identification of essential oil components showed that some compounds of the oil decreased with more application of nitrogen in two methods of nitrogen application, whereas some other compounds increased with most application nitrogen in both methods.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.R. Ardakani; F. Paknejad
Abstract
In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using ...
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In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using of completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included 0, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, 7.5 % and 9% nitrogen fertilizer and applied in 3 stages on plant. Results showed that effect of different levels of foliar application on yield was significant. The level of 4.5% had a higher performance (85.8 g/ shoot per plant) to others. Reduction of yield at levels of 7.5% and 9.0% was explained by Micherlich law. Foliar application caused to increase of yield and decreasing of agroecosystem pollution. Foliar application was a suitable approach in sustainable agriculture.
